Atopic eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that is characterized by dryness, inflammation, and itching. It is most common in children, but can affect adults as well. Atopic eczema is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and is often associated with allergies, asthma, and hay fever. Atopic eczema can be mild, moderate, or severe. It typically appears on the face, behind the knees, and inside the elbows and wrists. Signs and symptoms may include red, itchy, and inflamed skin, scaly patches, dry patches, cracking and crusting, and small bumps with fluid in them. Treatment for atopic eczema includes emollients (moisturizers) and topical corticosteroids, which can be applied directly to the affected area. Emollients help to soothe the skin, reduce dryness, and reduce inflammation. They may also reduce the need for topical corticosteroids. In severe cases, immunosuppressants and biologic medications may be recommended. It is also important to avoid triggers, which may be anything from environmental allergens and stress to certain fabrics and detergents. A diet that avoids known food allergies may also help. Atopic eczema is not curable, but it can be managed with proper treatment. By avoiding triggers, using emollients, and following a treatment plan, it is possible to relieve symptoms and prevent the condition from becoming more serious.
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