Leukonychia

Leukonychia, commonly known as white nail syndrome, refers to a condition in which white bands or spots appear on the nail plate. This condition is usually harmless, often caused by minor trauma to the nail plate that causes disruption of the nail bed. In some cases however, it can be caused by underlying diseases, such as anemia, zinc deficiency or hypoalbuminemia. Leukonychia can be classified into various types, differentiated by where on the nail plate the white bands or spots appear. Observable white spots on the nail plate are referred to as punctate leukonychia, while white bands across the nail plate are referred to as partial or total leukonychia. Leukonychia is also classified based on its cause, such as true and false leukonychia. True leukonychia is caused by a decrease in melanin production or injury to the nail plate, while false leukonychia is caused by a deficiency of proteins, and a lack of blood circulation in the nail plate. Leukonychia can usually be treated at home with simple hygienic practices such as keeping the hands clean and dry, avoiding harsh products, and avoiding risk of trauma to the nails. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe topical creams or medications such as steroids or antifungals. However, if leukonychia is suspected to be caused by an underlying medical condition, it is best to seek a doctor’s advice. The prevention of leukonychia is fairly straightforward—avoid trauma to the nails and pay close attention to nail hygiene. Cost of treatment is usually lower than the cost of preventative care if the treatment is more complex, so it’s important to seek medical advice if any signs or symptoms appear. When leukonychia is suspected to be caused by an underlying medical condition, the cause should be identified and managed as soon as possible in order to get the best results.