Microbiological (including mycological) tests are used in dermatology as a way to accurately diagnose skin diseases. Microbiological tests analyze the type of microorganisms present on the skin and detect any changes in quantity and/or type that might be causing skin ailments. Mycological tests are specific to detecting fungal infections, which can often be mistaken as other skin diseases. Microbiological testing is performed in a laboratory environment with the use of different sample collection techniques such as swabbing, aspirate, or biopsy. Common laboratory tests that are used in dermatology are optical microscopy, culture tests, PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and other biochemical tests. These tests allow for the specific identification of the microorganism, identification of the level or severity of infection, and determination of sensitivity to certain antibiotics. In a dermatological setting, microbial testing is used to diagnose and treat a wide range of skin diseases such as acne, dandruff, impetigo, parasites, and various fungal infections. Mycological testing is specifically used to test for fungal infections, such as tinea, candidiasis, and dermatophytosis. The dermatologist will examine the skin and take samples form the affected area to diagnose the infection accurately. The sample will then be analyzed and laboratory tests can be used to identify the type of fungus causing the infection. Treatment for fungal infections includes antifungal creams or oral medications, depending on the type and severity of the infection. Overall, microbiological (including mycological) tests are essential in dermatology to diagnose and treat skin diseases accurately. The tests allow for screens for bacterial and fungal infections and the identification of the specific type of microorganisms causing the infection. Treatment options can then be tailored to the patient depending on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s health.
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