Pigment changes in the skin due to damage are a common concern in dermatology and cosmetology. When the skin undergoes trauma—whether from injuries, sun exposure, or inflammatory conditions—it can lead to hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Hyperpigmentation, often seen as dark patches, occurs when melanocytes produce excess melanin in response to inflammation or injury. Conversely, hypopigmentation results in lighter areas where melanin production is reduced. Treatments include topical agents like hydroquinone and retinoids for hyperpigmentation, while hypopigmented areas may benefit from procedures such as microdermabrasion or laser therapy. Preventative measures, including sun protection and gentle skin care, are essential in maintaining an even skin tone and minimizing further damage. Understanding these changes helps both practitioners and patients navigate effective treatment strategies.
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