Skin toning is an essential aspect of dermatology and cosmetology, aimed at enhancing the skin's texture and promoting an even complexion. This process typically involves the application of toners, which are specialized products designed to balance the skin's pH, remove residual impurities, and tighten pores.
In dermatology, toners can be formulated with active ingredients such as antioxidants, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), or botanical extracts to address specific skin concerns, including hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.
Cosmetologists often recommend toning as part of a holistic skincare routine, complementing cleansing and moisturizing to achieve a radiant look. Regular use of the right toner can help refresh the skin, improve hydration, and prepare it for subsequent skincare treatments, ultimately leading to a healthier and more vibrant complexion.
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Sergei A Grando, University of California Irvine, United States
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Sergey Suchkov, N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
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Irina Sergeeva, Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation
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Sergey Suchkov, N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
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Kayla Sampson, Georgetown University School of Medicine, United States
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